When accessing the logical address at <segment # = 2, offset = 400>, the results after 
address translation is: 
A) No such segment 
B) Return address 4400 
C) Invalid permission 
D) Address out of range 
9) In a system with **-bit address, given the logical address 0x0000F1AE (in 
hexadecimal) with a page size of 256 bytes, what is the page offset? 
A) 0xAE 
B) 0xF1 
C) 0xA 
D) 0xF100 
 
10) A computer based on dynamic storage memory allocation has a main memory with 
the capacity of 55MB (initially empty). A sequence of operations including main 
memory allocation and release is as follows: 1. allocate 15MB; 2. allocate 30MB; 3. 
release 15MB; 4. allocate 8MB; 5. allocate 6MB. Using the best-fit algorithm, what is the 
size of the largest leftover hole in the main memory after the above five operations? 
A) 7MB 
B) 9MB 
C) 10MB 
D) 15MB 
 
2. [20 points] Synchronization 

You are asked to implement the second reader-writer solution, in which once a writer 
is ready, it needs to perform update as soon as possible. There are two classes of 
processes accessing shared data, readers and writers. Readers never modify data, thus 
multiple readers can access the shared data simultaneously. Writers modify shared 
data, so at most one writer can access data (no other writers or readers). This solution 
gives priority to writers in the following manner: when a reader tries to access shared 
data, if there is a writer accessing the data or if there are any writer(s) waiting to access 
shared data, the reader must wait. In another word, readers must wait for all writer(s), 
if any, to update shared data, or a reader can access shared data, only when there is no 
writer either accessing or waiting. 
The following variables will be used: 
semaphore mutex =1; /* lock for accessing shared variables */ 
semaphore readerlock=0; /* readers waiting queue */ 
semaphore writerlock=0; /* writers waiting queue */ 
int R_count = 0; /* number of readers accessing data */ 
int W_count = 0; /* number of writer accessing data */ 
int WR_count = 0; /* number of readers waiting */ 
int WW_count = 0; /* number of writers waiting*/ 
TA Yixin YANG ( yyangfe@cse.ust.hk ) is responsible for questions before the deadline 
TA Peng YE ( pyeac@cse.ust.hk ) is responsible for grading and appeal handling after the deadline 

Please fill in the blanks to design Writer  s and Reader  s code. 

Writer() { 
// Writer tries to enter 
wait(mutex); 
while (BLANK1) { // Is it safe to write? 
WW_count++; 

BLANK2 

WW_count--; 
} 
W_count++; // Writer inside 
signal(mutex); 
 
// Perform actual read/write access 
 
// Writer finishes update 

BLANK3 

W_count--; // No longer active 
if (BLANK4){ // Give priority to writers 
signal(writerlock); // Wake up one writer 
} else if (WR_count > 0) { // Otherwise, wake reader 

BLANK5 

} 
signal(mutex); 
} 

Reader() { 
// Reader tries to enter 
wait(mutex); 
while (BLANK6) { // writer inside or waiting? 

BLANK7 
wait(readerlock); // reader waits on readerlock 

BLANK8 

} 
Rcount++; // Reader inside! 
signal(mutex); 
 
// Perform actual read-only access 
 
// Reader finishes accessing 
wait(mutex); 
R_count--; // No longer active 
if (BLANK9) // No other active readers 

BLANK10 

signal(mutex); 
} 

 

3. [30 points] Deadlocks 

Consider the following snapshot of a system: 
TA Yixin YANG ( yyangfe@cse.ust.hk ) is responsible for questions before the deadline 
TA Peng YE ( pyeac@cse.ust.hk ) is responsible for grading and appeal handling after the deadline 

 Allocation Max Available 
 A B C D A B C D A B C D 
P0 2 0 0 1 4 2 3 4 3 3 2 1 

P1 3 1 2 1 5 2 3 2 

P2 2 1 0 3 2 3 1 6 

P3 1 3 1 2 1 4 2 4 

P4 1 4 3 2 3 6 6 5 
 
Please answer the following questions using the banker  s algorithm: 
1) (5 points) What is the content of the matrix Need denoting the number of resources 
needed by each process? 

 
2) (10 points) Is the system in a safe state? Why? 


3) (5 points) If a request from process P1 arrives for (1, 1, 0, 0), can the request be 

 4) (10 points) If a request from process P4 arrives for (0, 0, 2, 0), can the request be 
granted immediately? Why? 

TA Yixin YANG ( yyangfe@cse.ust.hk ) is responsible for questions before the deadline 
TA Peng YE ( pyeac@cse.ust.hk ) is responsible for grading and appeal handling after the deadline 

4. [30 points] Memory Management 

1) (15 points) Consider the segment table shown in Table A. Translate each of the 
virtual addresses in Table B into physical addresses. Indicate errors (out of range, no 
such segment) if an address cannot be translated. 

Table A 

Segment number Starting address Segment length 
0 260 ** 
1 1466 160 
2 2656 130 
3 146 50 
4 2064 370 
 

Table B 

Segment number Offset 
0 420 
1 144 
2 198 
3 296 
4 50 
5 ** 

2) (15 points) Consider a virtual memory system providing 128 pages for each user 
program; the size of each page is 8KB. The size of main memory is 256KB. Consider 
one user program occupied 4 pages, and the page table of this program is shown as 
below: 
 
Logical page number Physical block number 
TA Yixin YANG ( yyangfe@cse.ust.hk ) is responsible for questions before the deadline 
TA Peng YE ( pyeac@cse.ust.hk ) is responsible for grading and appeal handling after the deadline 

Assume there are three requests on logical address 040AFH, 140AFH, 240AFH. First 
please describe the format of the logical address and the physical address. Then please 
illustrate how the virtual memory system will deal with these requests. 
 
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